M. G. Di Benedetto and G. Giancola
Ultra wide band (UWB) radio is a physical transmission technique suitable for a wide variety of applications. Given the strong power emission constraints imposed by the regulatory bodies in the United States — but likely to be adopted by other countries as well — UWB is emerging as a particularly appealing transmission technique for applications requiring either high bit rates over short ranges or low bit rates over medium to long ranges. The high bit rate, short-range case includes wireless personal area networks (WPANS) for multimedia traffic, and cable replacement such as wireless USB and wearable devices like wireless high-fidelity headphones. The low bit rate, medium- to long-range case applies to long-range sensor networks such as indoor-outdoor distributed surveillance systems, non-real-time data applications, and in general all data transfers compatible with a transmission rate in the order of 1 Mbit/sec over several tens of meters. A recent release of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for low-rate WPANS has increased attention for the low bit rate case. The scenarios of applications mentioned above refer to networks that commonly adopt the self-organizing principle, that is, distributed (ad-hoc) networks. Examples of these networks are ad-hoc and sensor networks, composed of groups of wireless terminals located in a limited size geographical area, communicating in an infrastructure-free fashion, and without any central coordinating unit or base station.
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